ANZAC Day 2013 - Australian War Memorial Canberra

Every Year we put something in Devotion News to mark ANZAC Day. Lodges all over Victoria, and no doubt Australia and New Zealand, conduct ceremonies like the Vacant Chair and the stirring sound of the Last Post can be heard within Masonic Buildings. Grand Masters lay wreaths like the Masters of their subordinate lodges and we all pause in silence to remember and give thanks. For the benefit of our international readers who have never heard this term, the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) was born in World War One when elements of both countries were sent to Turkey in the then Ottoman Empire. The goal was to occupy the Gallipoli Peninsula with the intent of opening the Dardenells to the Black Sea under a plan conceived  by Winston Churchill - then First Lord of the Admiralty. It failed in “gallant defeat’. On the 25th of April 1915 the British Units landed and the ANZACs being dominions of the Empire were there.. ANZAC Day falls on the anniversary of the landing and today broadly commemorates all Australian and New Zealanders who have served on active duty in the Armed Forces, remembering them all. Opinions on the day vary, but for me it is a day of remembrance of the sacrifice of those who served and won peace.

Over Easter we traveled to Canberra and my ever understanding partner set me free to wander the Australian War Memorial in Canberra and I thought the photographs I took might make a good photo essay for Devotion News; some appear in the following pages

Lest We Forget.



The Australian War Memorial

The Australian War Memorial (AWM) in Canberra “combines a shrine, a world-class museum, and an extensive archive. The Memorial's purpose is to commemorate the sacrifice of those Australians who have died in war. Its mission is to assist Australians to remember, interpret and understand the Australian experience of war and its enduring impact on Australian society.”

 

It was conceived by Charles Bean, a War Correspondent  and historian. Bean was present at Gallipoli and was mentioned in dispatches but as he was a civilian he was ineligible for the decoration recommended to him.. At one point during the Gallipoli campaign he was shot in the leg but remained in his dugout reporting on the actions at Gallipoli, later using notes to write the Official History of the 1914/1918 war. He saw and reported on Australian troops both at Gallipoli and in Europe.

 

During WW1 on various fronts, Bean noted that Australian soldiers were devoted collectors of battlefield souvenirs and imagined a museum featuring these objects after the war. But it was not until he had witnessed the carnage on the Western Front in the second half of 1916 that he began to conceive a memorial that would not only house battle relics, but also commemorate those killed. In November 1916 Bean suggested to the Australian Minister for Defense, that photographs and relics of the fighting around Pozières should be put on display in a national museum.  After much work, the site we call the Australian War Memorial (AWM) was completed in 1941. Bean's dream of a memorial in recognition of Australian soldiers who fought in the Great War had finally been realised. However, when it was realised that the Second World War was of a magnitude to match that of the First, it was understood that the memorial would have to commemorate servicemen from the latter conflict, despite the original intentions. The Hall of Memory, completed in 1959, could not have fulfilled Bean's dream of commemoration more completely. It adhered to Bean's view that war should not be glorified, but that those who died fighting for their country should be remembered. Bean's moral principles such as this, and the fact that the enemy should not be referred to in derogatory terms, alongside with many others, greatly influenced the philosophical angle that the Australian War Memorial has always taken, and would continue to take. Charles Bean died in 1968.

 

Here is their spirit, in the heart of the land they loved; and here we guard the record which they themselves made.

                                                Charles Bean, 1948

The Australian War Memorial Canberra Courtyard
 Above – the courtyard at the AWM showing the pool of reflection. Within the walkways to the left and right marked with arches, are the names of Australian War Servicemen and Women killed in Action – known as the Roll of Honour

The AWM is certainly an impressive Shrine and museum and recommended if you visit Canberra – but allow a day to look through. Entry and tours are free.

Canberra AWM Pool of reflection

The Courtyard, the structure at the end is the Hall of Memory & contains the Unknown Australian Soldier’s grave & stain glass windows

Eternal Flame at the Australian War memorial Canberra Australia

 The pool of reflection at the AWM with eternal flame
 
 
 
Part of the
Roll of Honour
at the AWM Canberra

Australian War Memorial’s  Hall of Memory

Dome in the Hall of MemoryDom

 

At the end of the pool of reflection is The Hall of Memory. Its walls are covered with one of the world's largest mosaics, comprising over six million enamelled glass tiles. The figures of the soldier, sailor, airman, and servicewoman recall the Australian experience of the Second World War. Fifteen stained-glass windows each represent a defining quality of Australian servicemen and women at war.

 

In the dome is a mosaic depicting the souls of the dead rising from the earth towards their spiritual home, represented by a glowing sun within the Southern Cross.
 
 
 
Hall of Memory Australian War Memorial Canberra
 
 
Stain Glass window Australian War Memorial Hall of memory

Above – South Window, one of three panels. Aircraftman represents resource, Signaller; candour, Nurse; Devotion, Trench mortar battery; curiosity, Naval Capt; independence.